A Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain

A Critical Comparison of Marxist Theory and Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance. Introduction: This particular work will consist of a critical theoretical review and a comparative analysis on two criminological theories. For the comparison I have chosen Marx’s theory of crime and Merton’s strain theory of deviance. My critical comparison analysis will emphasise the central concepts and arguments within both theories and how each theory explains crime. The analysis will then explore modern day studies in which have stemmed from these theories as well as explore the many similarities and differences between these two theories. Exploring the strengths and weaknesses in both approaches and concluding that although both theories are†¦show more content†¦One of these being William Chambliss’s handling of the â€Å"Saints and the Roughnecks† where the ‘Saints’ are a collection of 8 white upper- middle- class boys on the pre-collage trail in high school, who participate in astonishing large amounts of truancy, a countless acts of drink ing and driving, minor stealing and vandalism, and a lot of cheating in school all while maintaining the perfect image. On the other hand, the ‘Roughnecks’ were a group of six lower-class boys who engage in studious amounts of fighting (typically between themselves or alongside other lower-class boys) and shoplifting, who are frequently detained, and whose appearance in the public is horrendous. In Chambliss s view, the Saint’s behavior partook at least as much prospect of impending community harm as the behavior of the Roughnecks. (Chambliss, 1973) In comparison Merton’s theory put forward a entirely different rationalisation of the causes of crime, and juxtaposing major ideals about who commits these crimes, Marxists points out that absence of egalitarianism of opportunity is at the centre of the capitalist system and Merton contends that not all individuals who lack genuine opportunities look to crime to do so. (Eglin and Hester, 2013). An Overview of Merton’s Strain Theory: Merton’s complete theory was founded on the preliminary idea of the â€Å"American Dream† and the cultural structures of the United States ofShow MoreRelatedTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 Pages.................................................................................................... 6 FUNCTIONALISM, ANOMIE, AND STRAIN THEORY ........................................................ 6-25 Strain theory ............................................................................................................... 12 Merton‘s Anomie (strain) theory................................................................................ 13 Capitalistic culture..........................Read MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesStudent Study Guide for Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers’ Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Applications Fourth Edition Prepared by Eric See Youngstown State University Roxbury Publishing Company Los Angeles, California 1 Student Study Guide by Eric See for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application , 4th Edition by Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers Copyright  © 2004 Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles, California

Wiliam Faulkners Emily Rose Character Analysis Essay...

All Roses Are Red Unreasonably determined to exert one?s own will is the definition of the word stubborn. William Faulkner is a southern writer who focuses in his work on human experiences and behavior influenced by the South, the Civil War, and the post Civil War effects. In Faulkners, A Rose for Emily, Faulkner constantly depicts Emily as a stubborn character, especially stubborn about changing her way of life. Faulkner uses subtle clues from diction and description as well as obvious statements through dialogue and direct actions to show this quality many times throughout the story. William Faulkner implies Emily?s stubbornness with subtle clues in description and through symbols. Faulkner would like us to take notice of†¦show more content†¦Faulkner also uses some seemingly simple props to symbolize Emily?s stubbornness. He conveys that she was, ?leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head?, (207). Here ebony signifies the African American slaves because it is a wood from A frica and the gold head that is upon it signifies the wealth and gold of the North. In turn representing how the North was dependent upon the South for slave labor and how Emily is also leaning on the foundation of slavery. William Faulkner also sketches Emily in a very particular way. He chooses the word, ?motionless? (207) to describe her body for a very forceful statement. It represents the idea that she herself is without motion or movement, meaning change. Faulkner also affirms that this has a negative connotation by using the word ?bloated? (207). There are no ripples in her surroundings and that?s the way she so desperately fights to keep it. Also in her house she has ?rose-shaded lights? (212), symbolizing that she sees the world only the way that she is accustomed to. Emily perceived her life through rose-shaded darkness. William Faulkner depicts Emily as a stubborn character by using obvious statements through dialogue and her direct actions. He implies this at the beginning of the story as an introduction to Emily?s character. She persistently declares ?I have no taxes!? (207). She repeats this four different times during her conversation with

To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis Free Essays

Themes play an important role in the novel for it presents the main dead or the underlying meaning of the literary work. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the themes are made to surface through the shared feelings and attitudes of the main characters like Scout, Gem and Tactics Finch. The characters’ thoughts and conversations, especially the ideas which are repeated in several dialogue exchanges and their actions in significant events also develop the novel’s themes. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel presents the oldest yet timeless conflict between good versus evil. This is evident in most situations and conversations which explored human morality and the innateness of oddness and evilness of people in the society. Tactics Finch represents the moral voice of the novel because he believes that people have aspects of both good and evil, but good will always prevail. He has never lost his faith on the goodness of man amidst the fact that man has also the tendency to do bad things. In the novel, he struggles to defend a black man of false accusation in a racist society but he never gives up and firmly holds on unto the idea that someday the truth and the good will overpower racism in their community. The same theme is manifested through the experiences of Scout and Gem. Tactics, their father, teaches them to believe in the goodness of all people and values and morals guide everyone in their actions but as the story progresses, both children are exposed to the reality that the world isn’t really that perfect. Their innocence is stripped away from them through several incidents that made them think twice of their father’s belief. Scout, in the beginning, is an innocent and good -hearted little girl who has no experience with the evils of the world but as she encounters racial discrimination in their town, she starts to get confused and questions everything around her. Gem, n the other hand, is older and in the midst Of entering puberty but the effect of the societal prejudice to a convicted black man is much graver compared to Scout’s. Gem gets frustrated and disappointed to the harsh reality that sometimes justices will not prevail. This leaves him vulnerable and traumatized in an important facet of his life. Harper Lee manages to exhibit children’s transition from innocence to maturity. She intelligently portrayed the fact that at some point in time in a significant event, children will be bound to graduate from their innocence and learn the facts about life and its imperfections. With children as the main characters in the novel, education is but obvious for a theme. In the initial chapters, the novel discusses the difference between institutionalized education and education at home. A conflict emerges as Miss Caroline scolds her for being too advance for their class. Scout gets disappointed for being punished because she is taught well in home by her father and their black servant. Miss Caroline even reminds Scout to tell her father that he shouldn’t teach his child because he doesn’t really know how to. He is in no position to teach for he is not a teacher. This conflict shows criticism to institutionalized education. This presents the conceitedness of teachers and the curriculum in providing education to learners. The system is too strict and traditional in their pedagogies thus resulting to ineffectiveness in developing and molding a child’s intelligence and ability. Clearly, Lee expresses a lack of belief in the Institutionalized educational system. Furthermore, this makes one realize that true education is not experienced in school but outside it. Education shouldn’t be limited in the four walls of the classroom; instead it should be brought out to the outside world where reality and life lessons are best learned through experience. The novel also presents moral education in question. Scout believes that she learns moral lessons best in home rather in school. Her teachers appear to be hypocritical as they teach things that are not even true in reality. Scout notices this most obviously when learning about the Holocaust. Miss Gates explains that such oppression of one group of people could never happen in the United States however racial discrimination to black people is very evident in their town. Scout sees conflict with the lesson aught by Miss Gates when she heard her talk about black people and say : â€Å"time somebody taught them a lesson, they thought they was getting’ way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us. This makes Scout doubt her education and rather listen to her father than to attend school. Hypocrisy is apparent in the system. The teachers breach what they teach thus emphasizing the incompetence and ineffectiveness of instruction provided by the educational institutions. This further implies that moral education and good values are not necessary best taught in school. Sometimes, it is best learned from other places like ones home. In a town of Macomb, Alabama, Lee i llustrates the complexities of social hierarchy. The well-off Finches are near the top of the pyramid, the Cunningham family are mere farmers thus Stay in the higher bottom above the white-trash Lowell family. These social statuses greatly confuse the children especially the rules that come along with them. Because of the structure, the children are prop bibbed to mingle with other families who are lesser in standing. This frustrates them most especially Scout because she ants to choose her own friends based on her definition of what makes a good person and not because of family income. The novel presents the dilemma of social inequality. The story takes place during the Great Depression thus social standing is as important as survival. People battle with society rules and structure. Lee exhibits how injustice and partiality divides a community and hinders human interaction thus contributing nothing but negativity to the people and the society as a whole. Racism, which is closely related to social inequality, is another focus of the novel. Harper Lee creates Macomb as a town separated by race. Harper Lee shows the bitterness that remains in the whites five decades after the end of slavery. This bitterness is best illustrated by the way that the way blacks are still oppressed, not by force but by fear and suppression. California, the Finch’s servant is to be exceptionally bright, she even teaches Scout to write in script, but because she is black and a woman she cannot land a better job. The whites belittle and harass the blacks because they firmly believe that they are greater and more superior. This racial tension foreshadows Tom Robinsons case. Right in the beginning, everybody knows that Tom is innocent but because he is a black man, the prejudice jury still convicted him guilty of harassing and raping a white woman. The conclusion of the Tom Robinsons case ends with Tom being shot repeatedly while trying to escape despite his injury. Racism is considered as a social disease. It brings out the evil nature of man as prejudice and discrimination overpowers conscience and moral code. It is through this novel that people are made to understand how nobody can ever benefit from racism. It only causes the creation of walls teen people thus hindering relationships and interactions to blossom. Lee shows the significance of human perspective in the processing of events and solving of problems. The character’s outlook in life is deemed important in the development of the story and how each managed to understand the situation. In the novel, Tactics encourages Scout and Gem to be more considerate of other people and understand their situations. The children shouldn’t immediately judge as it is not fair to the others. Tactics urges his children to try to step into other people’s shoes to understand how they see he world: â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . Until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. † This lesson helps Scout gain insight into how other people view life and the world. Moreover, this broadens her moral education and social understanding. This theme was evident when Tactics requires Gem to go to Mrs.. Double’s house to read to her as punishment for cutting all the flowers in her front yard. Gem didn’t like Mrs.. Dubos and claims that she is an awful woman. Tactics tells Gem and Scout to try to understand Mrs.. Double’s point of view. She is an old woman, very set her in ways, and she is entirely alone in the world. Gem and Scout agree to visit her and from that experience, they understood how she felt because they were able to see the world from her perspective. Scout applies her father’s lesson when she meets Boo Raddled, a black man who kept himself hidden from the public because of the unjust and prejudice treatment. After she walks him home, Scout stands on Boob’s porch and imagines many of the events of the story (Tactics shooting the mad dog the children finding Boob’s presents in the oak tree) as they must have looked to Boo. She then last realizes the love and protection that he has silently offered her and Gem all along. Scout’s ability to assume another person’s perspective sympathetically is the culmination of the novel. The final theme and probably the most significant is the mockingbird which represents the idea of innocence. Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. † That was the only time I ever heard Tactics say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maude about it. â€Å"Your father’s right,† she said. â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy .. .But sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. † When Scout and Gem receive arraigns fo r Christmas, Tactics tells them that although he would prefer that they practice their shooting with tin cans, if they must shoot at living things, they must never shoot at mockingbirds. Tactics explains that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. Clearly, this is the title scene, but the theme continues throughout the book. Miss Maude explains why Tactics is correct – mockingbirds never do anyone any harm, and are not pests in any way. All they do is sing beautifully and live peacefully. Therefore, it is a sin to kill them. The mockingbird represents true goodness and purity. Tom Robinson is one example of a human â€Å"mockingbird†. He is accused of raping and beating Malay Lowell, but is innocent of the charges. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis, Papers

Professional and Ethical issues in IT Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Professional and Ethical issues in IT. Answer: Introduction The Professional issues in Information Technology is the unit which deals with social, legal, financial, industrial and ethical issues faced by ICT Professionals. The ICT professionals are Information and Communication Technology professionals who regularly deal with the professional issues associated with IT systems in an Organization (Ruivo, Santos and Oliveira 2014). The report shows reflective journal assessment which provides learning outcomes for this unit through ICT professionals analysis. The purpose of this report is to provide reflection for what I have learned from the unit of Professional issues in Information Technology. The report focuses on change of perspectives of interpersonal issues and IT-related issues in terms of ICT professionals. The outline of this report is to answer the question related to interpersonal issues and analysis of IT-related issues of Professional issues in Information Technology degree. The report includes question from Part A and analysis of Part B. The goal for adopting for Professional issues in Information Technology degree was due to growing career prospective of ICT professionals in current scenario. I was interested in Information Technology career from early days due to fascination towards computer world. Information Technology is the base for any Organization and it is growing rapidly due to its potential. Nowadays every organization wants employees that have required knowledge for Information Technology and especially in the area of professional and ethical issues. The consideration for choosing Professional Issues in Information Technology helped me to explore and get deep understanding and knowledge on Information Technology. This consideration will help me in my future career as an ICT professional in an organization (Al-Saggaf, Burmeister and Schwartz 2017). My enrollment into Professional issues in Information Technology degree visualizes my goals and motivation due to interest in Information Technology. The Inform ation Technology has various courses which focus on different areas. However Professional Issues in Information Technology is one course which helps to understand issues in Information Technology. My goal was to go in the field which requires more realistic and creativity in the field of Information Technology. This creativity can be achieved only through Professional Issues in Information Technology degree. Therefore, Professional Issues in Information Technology degree perfectly fit into my overall goal of becoming an ICT professional. The choice for opting Professional Issues in Information Technology degree was the right decision for me. The degree helped me to get deep understanding and knowledge of issues that exist in Information Systems. The unit also helped me to focus on unknown future risks that can happen in Information System. These understanding and knowledge proved my decision right and helped me to apply this knowledge in my future (Avgerou and Walsham 2017). This de gree helped me to change my plans and aspiration in a better and improved way. This degree helped me to get an understanding and knowledge on ethics of Information Technology that ICT professionals should follow. I got to learn and develop technical aspects and interpersonal skill to be applied in real world. The kinds of behaviors that might be important for an ICT professional to show while working in a group or team are given this section. The group or team includes people from different backgrounds consisting of different genders, castes, skills and religion. The positive behavior in workplace contributes to better and improved working environment where all participate equally. The important behavior that an ICT professional should have is maintaining equal opportunity for all genders (Laudon and Laudon 2016). The other important behavior is diverse working skills to deliver while working in a team or group. The ICT professional must possess skills such as project management, problem solving, solution for technical aspects and managing business environment internally and externally. Apart from these behaviors, the most important behavior that an ICT professional should have is trust while working in the team or group. The trust is an important part in any working environment to encour age and motivate people to work in a better way. The behaviors that an ICT professional should show must be adhered to ethical standards which are the first and foremost duty of an ICT professional. ICT professionals need should exhibit these behaviors to encourage and motivate their group or team to work efficiently and equally. My contribution to a sound team performance shows technical aspect along with behavioral aspects. The first contribution is making contribution of new ideas to the team. The second contribution is to listen and understand the view of team members and respecting their views and opinions (Sargolzaei and Nikbakht 2017). The third contribution is to offer and accept criticism for developing cohesive group work performance and behavior. The fourth contribution is interaction and coordination among the team members for better performance. The fifth contribution is avoiding any discrimination in the workplace. The contributions that I made should have been better for teams performance if I have known the culture and behaviors of team members (Schwalbe 2015). I can have helped the team members to be comfortable and friendly with each other and with the environment. The most memorable moments of Professional Issues in Technology degree was dealing with real world problems that have occurred. I have always been fascinated towards computer world and its happenings. I always wondered what Information Technology professionals do in an organization and how they organize their findings. This degree helped me to achieve that. The real world problems and issues such as Equifax data breach and Ransomware cyber attack were also included in the learning part (Miloslavskaya and Tolstoy 2016). The dealing with these real world problems and issues were the most memorable moments as it helped me to indulge in the real scenario. I used my own interpersonal skills, understanding and knowledge to solve the issues of real world problems. This is where I enjoyed most and developed some new level of understanding. The other most memorable moments was that when I was told that I have to visualize that I am an ICT professional. This situation helped me to use my under standing and thoughts to handle the issue and propose innovations for the issue (Sampson and Makela 2014). This situation helped me to have confidence of what innovations I propose for the issues. This moment also helped me to gain effective communication as a professional such as an effective leader or a team member. These were the moments which were most memorable and it does impact me in a better way to improve my skills and knowledge. This understanding will help me to grow in future within an organization. The key professional roles and responsibilities for a modern ICT professional are described as follows. The roles and responsibilities of ICT professionals vary in different organizations as the roles of ICT professionals vary from senior positions to an employee position (Kerckaert, Vanderlinde and van Braak 2015). However the key professional roles that an ICT professional has are team leader, project manager, technical assistant and a team member. Apart from these major roles, other roles are business partners, information technology advisors and information technology facilitators (Leendertz et al. 2015). The role of ICT professionals as team leader is to deliver skills to team members and help them to manage the team in a better way. The role of ICT professional as project manager is to acknowledge the project and manage the project. The role of ICT professional as technical assistant is to manage the networking part and its issues. The role of ICT professional as a team member is to deliver task. The roles of ICT professional as business partners, advisors and facilitators functions internally and externally for an organization. The key professional responsibilities of ICT professional are as follows. The first responsibility is development and designing of application and software for security purposes. The second responsibility is management of information technology systems to ensure safety and security. The third responsibility is evaluation, operation and upgrade of information technology systems in an organization. The fourth responsibility is adherence to ethical standards in managing the issues of information technology (Nederhand and Van Meerkerk 2017). These roles and responsibilities will help me in my career growth in future in an organization. The roles and responsibilities such as technical aspects, teamwork and management skills and ability to solve problems will help me to have secured and active job within an organization. This will also help me to work efficiently and effectively in a group or team in an organization. The first topic which is analyzed is Information Security which helps me to evaluate my working as a professional in future. The topic deals with detailed understanding of information security in an organization and an example where information security comes into play (Peltier 2016). This topic helps me to get an analysis of what I can do in risky situations in an organization. I get an overview of what I can do as an IT professional in an organization and how to handle a team. This topic helped me to grow as a professional and look at the situations in a more responsible way. I also get an understanding of what I can do when anything goes wrong in an organization through the example given in this topic. I thought that information security is a small area where limited knowledge can work. However, this topic changed my thoughts as information security needs active participation and environmental knowledge and understanding (Safa, Von Solms and Furnell 2016). The information security a professional does not have to look any issues from single perspective but they have to look from different perspectives. The information security topic also helps to get understanding and knowledge of how to analyze a risk and mitigate the risks. The topic has impacted me positively by helping me to get deep understanding of what can be done in difficult situations in an organization. This topic will help me in my future career growth as an information security professional. The second topic which is analyzed is Ethics which helps to get an understanding of ethics related with Professional Issues in Information Technology (Tse et al. 2015). This topic helps me to understand the ethics which are associated with Information Technology and how it is perceived by ICT professionals. This topic has impacted me in a positive way as it helps me to analyze and evaluate the security issues with adherence to ethics of information technology. The detailed description of ethics has helped me to approach any issue in a professional way. The ethics in Professional Issues in Information Technology degree helps me to get analysis of different types of ethical issues, privacy and integrity associated (Lloyd 2017). I can now understand how to analyze and solve any issues of information technology in an organization. The different types of ethics and privacy help me to know what role ethics and privacy play in information technology in businesses. The topic will help me to apply this ethics in the organization where I will be employed and through this I can upgrade myself. I can now understand that knowledge of ethics is going to be a major turnout for me in future scenarios. Ethics is not a small topic to be understood through learning rather it is a more practical thing which needs basic environmental understanding (Halinen and Jokela 2016). Therefore, ethics in Professional Issues in IT has impacted me the most and in a positive way to become a better and improved professional in future. The third topic which is analyzed is Triple threat leadership and charting ones career that does not impact me completely in a professional way. This topic has helped me get an overview of project planning, leadership and career planning. This topic does not help me to get deep understanding of what actually a project does and triple threat leadership understanding in businesses. The topic does not illustrate how project works and how triple threat leadership contributes in business performance (Lundin et al. 2017). However, I did get some understanding of project, triple threat leadership and career planning which can help me in my professional career. This topic does impact me in a way that I can now understand how to plan my career with appropriate action for achieving the required goal. I can use this understanding to start my career initially and boost my confidence in my professional career. The topic gave me most important learning and that is competencies required in an organ ization to be able to retain in the business environment. The competencies will help me in my future by giving me enough knowledge to how adjust and grow professionally in a challenging business environment. This learning will help me to grow professionally in an organization. The career planning is necessary to fit in an organization as it helps to focus on professional career (Rothwell et al. 2015). Therefore, this topic impacts me by helping to start my career initially however it lacks detailed illustration which is important to grow in future. The fourth topic which is analyzed is Professionalism in ICT which helps to get an understanding of how to become an ICT professional. The exact working and operation of ICT professional in this topic also helps me to learn how to become a good ICT professional. This topic impacts me in a most influential way as it helps me to understand what I have to do to become an ICT professional. I thought that ICT professionals require only information technology understanding and knowledge. However, this topic changed my thoughts. Now, I can understand that an ICT professional has to do a lot of research on issues (Al-Saggaf, Burmeister and Schwartz 2017). They have to do analysis from different point of views and use their own interpersonal skills and behaviors to understand the issues. This topic helps me to understand that ethics is an important part of an ICT professional and this is where they need major focus. The topic helps me to understand that becoming an ICT professional is not eas y they require multiple skills. These multiple skills range from interpersonal skills to professional skills. I am now able to understand that professionalism in ICT requires work culture behavior, interpersonal behavior and knowledge of code of ethics (MacKrell et al. 2016). This will help me to grow in future professionally. The ICT professional requires being active and can understand the issues personally. Therefore, this topic on professionalism in ICT helps me to be a better ICT professional in business work environment. Conclusion The above Part A and Part B show that the degree of Professional issues in Information Technology helps to develop interpersonal and IT-related issues. The reflective journal shows that every individual has its own opinion and own way of understanding which they take away. The discussions show that interpersonal skills show the overall take away from Professional issues in Information Technology degree. However, IT-related issues show the take away from the particular topic of the degree. This shows that everyone has its own perspective to view things and analyze. Therefore, it can be concluded that the understanding and knowledge that I got from this degree will help me in future as a professional. References Al-Saggaf, Y., Burmeister, O.K. and Schwartz, M., 2017. Qualifications and ethics education: the views of ICT professionals.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,21. Al-Saggaf, Y., Burmeister, O.K. and Schwartz, M., 2017. Qualifications and ethics education: the views of ICT professionals.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,21. Avgerou, C. and Walsham, G. eds., 2017.Information Technology in Context: Studies from the Perspective of Developing Countries: Studies from the Perspective of Developing Countries. Routledge. Halinen, A. and Jokela, P., 2016. Exploring Ethics in Business Networks: Propositions for Future Research. InExtending the Business Network Approach(pp. 333-356). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Kerckaert, S., Vanderlinde, R. and van Braak, J., 2015. The role of ICT in early childhood education: Scale development and research on ICT use and influencing factors.European Early Childhood Education Research Journal,23(2), pp.183-199. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Leendertz, V., Blignaut, A.S., Ellis, S. and Nieuwoud, H.D., 2015. The development, validation and standardisation of a questionnaire for ICT professional development of mathematics teachers.pythagoras,36(2), pp.1-11. Lloyd, I., 2017.Information technology law. Oxford University Press. Lundin, R.A., Arvidsson, N., Brady, T., Ekstedt, E., Midler, C. and Sydow, J., 2017. Project NetworksMore than Managing Projects. MacKrell, D., McDonald, C., Buick, F. and Kleeman, D., 2016. Boundary Spanning Theory: a Case Study of the Professionalisation of ICT Graduates in the Australian Public Service. Miloslavskaya, N. and Tolstoy, A., 2016, August. State-level views on professional competencies in the field of IoT and cloud information security. InFuture Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops (FiCloudW), IEEE International Conference on(pp. 83-90). IEEE. Nederhand, J. and Van Meerkerk, I., 2017. Activating citizens in Dutch care reforms: framing new co-production roles and competences for citizens and professionals.Policy Politics. Peltier, T.R., 2016.Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Rothwell, W.J., Jackson, R.D., Ressler, C.L., Jones, M.C. and Brower, M., 2015.Career Planning and Succession Management: Developing Your Organization's Talentfor Today and Tomorrow: Developing Your Organizations Talentfor Today and Tomorrow. ABC-CLIO. Ruivo, P., Santos, V. and Oliveira, T., 2014. Data protection in services and support rolesa qualitative research amongst ICT professionals.Procedia Technology,16, pp.710-717. Safa, N.S., Von Solms, R. and Furnell, S., 2016. Information security policy compliance model in organizations.Computers Security,56, pp.70-82. Sampson, J.P. and Makela, J.P., 2014. Ethical issues associated with information and communication technology in counseling and guidance.International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance,14(1), pp.135-148. Sargolzaei, E. and Nikbakht, M., 2017. The Ethical and Social Issues of Information Technology: A Case Study.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS,8(10), pp.138-146. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Tse, J., Schrader, D.E., Ghosh, D., Liao, T. and Lundie, D., 2015. A bibliometric analysis of privacy and ethics in IEEE Security and Privacy.Ethics and Information Technology,17(2), pp.153-163.